What is the role of an economizer in an HVAC system?

In an HVAC system, the role of an economizer is to utilize outside air for cooling purposes whenever conditions are favorable. This process is referred to as "free cooling," as it leverages the coolness of the outside air instead of relying solely on mechanical refrigeration to lower indoor temperatures.

When external air conditions—such as temperature and humidity—are more favorable than the indoor environment, the economizer can bring in cooler outdoor air, which reduces energy costs and increases system efficiency. This is particularly advantageous during cooler times of the day or year, as it allows for significant energy savings by minimizing the operation of the air conditioning system.

Using outdoor air for cooling not only helps maintain comfortable indoor conditions but also contributes positively to energy conservation efforts, making it an integral component of modern HVAC design.